The mark build reduced the potential for recall and you may alternatives biases, together with higher level out-of storage less prejudice due to an effective losings to check out-right up. Diet plan is actually examined multiple times during the follow-up, hence grabbed under consideration changes in food habits and faster dimensions error; although not, some mistake was inevitable. No matter if shots was in fact notice-reported, research physicians, without knowing the fresh self-claimed chance basis reputation of members, examined participants’ medical information to verify brand new coronary attack prognosis and you may classify the heart attack kind of. not, while the twenty-four% of females with coronary attack on NHS I and you may thirty two% in the NHS II did not give permission to review its scientific information, we had been unable to classify every shots because the ischemic otherwise hemorrhagic; therefore, the new numbers of stroke types were shorter. Nevertheless, the huge amount of players therefore the enough time time of go after-right up given enough capability to discover clinically associated differences in threats away from total heart attack and coronary arrest items. At the same time, the fresh upgraded meta-analyses considering help for the results to the dieting consumption out-of magnesium, Gamer dating apps potassium, and you will calcium and you will danger of full coronary arrest. A primary restrict of one’s latest studies try the shortcoming so you’re able to separate new separate aftereffects of the three nutrients which have much certainty because of the highest correlations between the two. Including, since the data populace predominantly contained Caucasian girls ( 12), the outcomes of the most recent data may possibly not be generalizable in order to males otherwise ethnically diverse communities.

In conclusion, results from this type of dos highest possible degree offer solid proof in order to assistance a keen inverse relationship anywhere between combined consumption from magnesium, potassium, and calcium regarding diet and coronary arrest exposure. Brand new independent character each and every mineral from the reduced amount of stroke exposure is difficult to help you describe. At exactly the same time, the end result of those nutritional elements on the risk of coronary arrest independent regarding restaurants provide is difficult in order to determine. This research supports guidance of your Slimming down Methods to End Blood circulation pressure, Max Macronutrient Intake Trial to eliminate Cardiovascular disease, and Mediterranean diet, and this promote highest losing weight intake ones vitamins.

The newest authors’ obligations were below-SNA: did mathematical analyses and you can wrote the newest manuscript; DS, WCW, and you can KMR: provided crucial views of the manuscript; and all sorts of article writers: comprehend and approved the last manuscript. None of the article authors said a dispute of interest about the research.

FOOTNOTES

Supported by the newest NIH (grants UM1CA176726, UM1CA186107, D43TW009106, HL34594, CA87969, and you will HL088521) therefore the Bernard Lown Cardiovascular disease Program (in order to SNA).

Methods

Information was obtained on potential confounding factors, including medical history, other aspects of dietary intake, and lifestyle behaviors that could be associated with intake of these minerals and risk of stroke. These variables were updated biennially and included cigarette smoking (never, past, or current), physical activity (<3, 3 to <9, 9 to <18, 18 to <27, or ?27 metabolic equivalent tasks per week), menopausal status (premenopausal or postmenopausal), postmenopausal hormone therapy use (never, past, or current), parental history of early myocardial infarction (before age 60 y), multivitamin use (yes or no), thiazide use (yes or no), aspirin use at least 2 times/wk (yes or no), and history of hypertension, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia (yes or no). Height and weight were self-reported at baseline, and weight was updated from follow-up questionnaire responses. BMI (in kg/m 2 ) was calculated as weight divided by height squared. BMI was divided into 3 categories (i.e., <25, 25 to <30, and ?30). Quintiles were calculated for total energy intake (kcal), and we used alcohol consumption categories of 0, 0 to <5, 5 to <10, 10 to <15, and ?15 g/d.

Age-standardized characteristics regarding 86,149 feamales in the newest NHS I into the 1994 and you may 94,715 ladies in the fresh NHS II when you look at the 1995 by the quintiles from magnesium, potassium, and you will calcium supplements consumption step one

Pooled RRs (95% CIs) away from full, ischemic, and you will hemorrhagic shots by the quintiles out of full and fat loss potassium consumption inside the 86,149 feamales in the newest NHS I and you may 94,715 ladies in brand new NHS II step one

Because of the relatively higher standard of correlation anywhere between these types of nutrition, we also checked a combined magnesium, potassium, and calcium diet plan score ( Dining table 5). To have testing of females on the higher that have reasonable quintiles out of joint magnesium, potassium, and you may calcium supplements diet rating, the newest pooled multivariate RR to possess total coronary arrest is actually 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.91; P-trend = 0.003). Conclusions was basically similar to have ischemic although not hemorrhagic coronary attack.

Discussion

This new family members between intakes regarding magnesium, potassium, and you will calcium and you can threat of heart attack shown in the current data is much like the latest loved ones anywhere between consumption of them nutrients and you will chance of IHD. From inside the possible studies, weight reduction intake from magnesium and you will potassium was in fact inversely associated with the chance away from IHD ( 46, 47), however, discover no family having calcium supplements intake and you can danger of IHD in females ( 48). Along with, intakes of magnesium and you will calcium supplements although not potassium was indeed associated with the straight down risk of CVD mortality in a number of ( twenty four, 46, 49) yet not every ( 50) training.